DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1931-1932 | The Classics Chronological Series – 616 (1991) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

 During the period covered by this CD, Duke Ellington added trombonist Lawrence Brown and singer Ivie Anderson to his group. Other than Frank Marvin on the opening "Is That Religion," the brief era of so-so outside vocalists came to an end. Bing Crosby's appearance on "St. Louis Blues" is on a much higher level. Other highlights of this very good set including the second (and superior) version of Ellington's extended piece "Creole Rhapsody," "It's Glory," "The Mystery Song," the original version of "It Don't Mean a Thing," two three-song medleys of Duke's hits and a classic rearrangement of "Bugle Call Rag." Scott Yanow    Tracklist + Credits :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1932-1933 | The Classics Chronological Series – 626 (1992) FLAC (image+.cue), lossless

Not the best Classics disc of Ellington's 1920s and '30s work (look to the label's mid- to late-'30s titles), this 23-track round-up of the bandleader's 1932-1933 output still offers enough in the way of quality originals and stellar playing to keep most Duke enthusiasts happy. The first half contains the choicest selections, including such top-notch ensemble vehicles as Benny Carter's "Jazz Cocktail" (his arrangement is used, too) and superb Ellington charts like "Slippery Horn," "Blue Harlem," and "Lightnin'." The latter half does sag a bit with several vocal novelties featuring Ivie Anderson, the Mills Brothers, and Adelaide Hall, but the always excellent contributions of Johnny Hodges, Lawrence Brown, Barney Bigard, and Cootie Williams keep things in check. An enjoyable slice of early Ellingtonia that's may be best left to the more trench-friendly of early jazz lovers. Stephen Cook     Tracklist + Credits :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1933 | The Classics Chronological Series – 637 (1992) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

1933 found Duke Ellington going overseas for the first time, and the four songs (and a short interview) that he recorded in London are on this CD. Otherwise things stayed pretty consistent with no major personnel change (Otto Hardwick rejoined the band), Ivie Anderson proving to be a strong asset with her vocals, and such gems as "Merry Go Round," "Sophisticated Lady," "Drop Me Off in Harlem," and "I'm Satisfied" offering further proof that Ellington was the master of the three-minute record, making every bar count. As usual with the Classics series, all of the master takes are included on this CD (repeating songs if they were recorded on different days) but leaving off the alternate takes.  Scott Yanow          Tracklist + Credits :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1933-1935 | The Classics Chronological Series – 646 (1992) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

Decades after these recordings were made, an LP appeared as part of RCA Victor's superb Vintage series bearing the title Daybreak Express. Focusing on much of his best work from the mid-'30s, that album was a perfect introduction to the music of Duke Ellington. Number 646 in the Classics Chronological series serves this purpose just as effectively, shifting the frame of reference to include the autumn and winter of 1933, a broad sweep through 1934, and two originally unissued tidbits from January of 1935. From the first few bars of "Harlem Speaks," you know you are in front of what Fats Waller always swore was the greatest jazz orchestra in the world. Wellman Braud pushes the band around the room, his bass fiddle chugging along in fourth gear. Joe Nanton blows "ya-ya" smoke rings through the trombone. The trumpets are a bitch. And the reed section is the very bloodstream of Duke's orchestra. This band could play anything. Even "In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree" becomes radiantly hip under such conditions. Legend has it that "Rude Interlude" got its title in honor of a request for "Rude Indigo." As for that "Daybreak Express," a life-sized steam locomotive is conjured with almost aggressive clarity. You can practically smell the oil and feel the tracks vibrating as the band roars by with horns in the air. "Solitude" appears in two lovely takes recorded eight months apart. Number two is fleshier. "Stompy Jones," named for a courier and valet who traveled with the band, is the definitive hot jam. While Louis Bacon and Ivie Anderson were both fine vocalists, the toy surprise inside of this package is the first version of "My Old Flame," recorded in Hollywood on April 23, 1934, and issued on the world-renowned Biltmore label. The vocalist is none other than Mae West! Whoever thought of putting her and Duke together on the same record should have ordered up a dozen more sides, as this is one fascinating combination of personalities. Both were notably sensual individuals, incredibly dignified and strong-willed. Having carefully made way for Mae, Ellington's instrumentalists are able to play more expressively on Ivie's turf. Interesting comparisons could be made between Mae's and Ivie's takes and Billie Holiday's stunning Commodore rendition of 1944. "Admiration" introduces cornetist Rex Stewart, a brand-new addition to the Ellington troupe. "Farewell Blues," so beautifully rendered in 1934 by the Claude Hopkins Orchestra, receives the full Ellington treatment. arwulf arwulf   Tracklist + Credits :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1935-1936 | The Classics Chronological Series – 659 (1992) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

All of the Duke Ellington Orchestra's recordings from 1935 plus their first two sessions from 1936 are on this enjoyable CD. The rise of the swing era may have resulted in many competing big bands being formed, but Ellington occupied his own private musical world and continued to flourish artistically and to an extent commercially. By 1935, his orchestra featured major soloists in Cootie Williams, Rex Stewart, Tricky Sam Nanton, Lawrence Brown, Johnny Hodges, Barney Bigard, and the leader on piano. During the era Ellington experimented by frequently using both Hayes Alvis and Billy Taylor on bass. Among the memorable selections that are on this disc are "In a Sentimental Mood," "Accent on Youth," "Clarinet Lament" (featuring Bigard), "Echoes of Harlem," and the melancholy four-part "Reminiscing in Tempo." The music may be available in more complete form elsewhere (since alternate takes are left out), but this is an excellent series nevertheless. Scott Yanow       Tracklist + Credits :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1937, Vol. 2 | The Classics Chronological Series – 687 (1993) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

During the period covered by this CD, the Duke Ellington Orchestra recorded nine performances (including vocal and instrumental versions of "All God's Chillun Got Rhythm") while combos led by Johnny Hodges, Barney Bigard, Rex Stewart, and Cootie Williams that were mostly filled with Ellington all-stars accounted for 14 other selections. Duke was overseeing everything while letting his star sidemen stretch out, and the result was a steady stream of fresh and high-quality recordings that both fit into the mainstream of swing and stood apart from other bands. Among the more memorable selections on this set (which contains quite a few obscurities) are "The Back Room Romp," "Tea and Trumpets," the remarkable "Harmony in Harlem," and the original versions of "Diminuendo in Blue" and "Crescendo in Blue." Scott Yanow  Tracklist : 

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1938 | The Classics Chronological Series – 700 (1993) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

1938 was a very busy year for Duke Ellington in the recording studios, whether making classics with his big band or being the pianist and organizer of sessions allegedly led by his sidemen. This disc has plenty of big-band sides and combo dates led by clarinetist Barney Bigard, trumpeter Cootie Williams, and altoist Johnny Hodges. Most notable among the selections are "Stepping Into Swing Society," "Echoes of Harlem," "The Gal From Joe's," "I Let a Song Go out of My Heart," and "Jeep's Blues," but there are no throwaways among these three-minute gems.  Scott Yanow      Tracklist + Credits :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1938, Vol. 2 | The Classics Chronological Series – 717 (1993) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

The music on this CD was all recorded within a four-month period, featuring performances by Duke Ellington's Orchestra and small groups led by trumpeter Cootie Williams and altoist Johnny Hodges that include Ellington as pianist, arranger, and organizer. Ellington fit right into the swing era yet his music was far too individual to be associated with any of the soon-dated fads the pervaded the era. In fact, these performances might be from 1938 but most still sound quite fresh today. Highlights include "I'm Slappin' Seventh Avenue," "Rose of the Rio Grande" (a longtime feature for trombonist Lawrence Brown), "Pyramid," "Empty Ballroom Blues," and "Jitterbug's Lullaby." Scott Yanow   Tracklist + Credits :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1938, Vol. 3 | The Classics Chronological Series – 726 (1993) FLAC (image+.cue), lossless

Duke Ellington's very busy year of 1938 resulted in enough music (counting small group dates led by his sidemen) to fill up more than three CDs. This disc has big-band dates plus outings headed by Cootie Williams and Johnny Hodges. Although 1939-1942 is often thought of as the peak of Ellington's career, his output from 1938 was very impressive too. Among the high points of the sessions on this CD (which feature such soloists as trumpeter Cootie Williams, cornetist Rex Stewart, trombonists Lawrence Brown and Tricky Sam Nanton, altoist Johnny Hodges, clarinetist Barney Bigard, baritonist Harry Carney, and Duke on piano) are "Love in Swingtime," "Prelude to a Kiss," "The Jeep Is Jumpin'," "Mighty Like the Blues," "Battle of Swing," and "Hodge Podge." Scott Yanow          Tracklist :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1938-1939 | The Classics Chronological Series – 747 (1994) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

The 1938-1939 Duke Ellington Orchestra, even before bassist Jimmy Blanton and tenor saxophonist Ben Webster became members, was quite a strong band, having at least eight major soloists. With Ellington providing constant new material plus rearrangements of older tunes, there was a limitless amount of high quality music flowing from this band. On this CD, there are eight numbers from the small group of Cootie Williams, four from Johnny Hodges, and three by Rex Stewart in addition to eight big-band performances. Among the many gems are "Old King Dooji," Rex Stewart's famous feature on "Boy Meets Horn," "Slap Happy," "Dooji Wooji," "Pussy Willow," "Subtle Lament," and a pair of Duke Ellington piano solos. Scott Yanow         Tracklist + Credits :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1939 | The Classics Chronological Series – 765 (1994) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

The 1939 Duke Ellington Orchestra was a mighty force, with eight major soloists and a genius as their leader. Billy Strayhorn first worked with Ellington during this period and on this CD he contributes "Something to Live For" (which is surprisingly sung by Jean Eldridge rather than the band's regular vocalist, Ivie Anderson). This disc has ten selections from the full orchestra, eight from small groups led by altoist Johnny Hodges, two from clarinetist Barney Bigard's combo, and two vocal features for the Quintones. Highlights include "Rent Party Blues," "Portrait of the Lion" (Ellington's tribute to his idol, Willie "The Lion" Smith), a remake of "Cotton Club Stomp," and "Serenade to Sweden." Scott Yanow       Tracklist :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1939, Vol. 2 | The Classics Chronological Series – 780 (1994) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

The biggest change for the Duke Ellington Orchestra in the relatively brief period covered by this CD is that on "Little Posey," Jimmy Blanton became the band's new bassist, taking over for Billy Taylor. While Taylor was a fine supportive player, Blanton was the first great soloist on his instrument and an innovative player who was a decade ahead of his time. This CD in Classics' extensive Duke Ellington chronological series, as usual, has all of the master takes from both Ellington's big band and the small groups led by his sidemen (trumpeter Cootie Williams and altoist Johnny Hodges), but skips over the valuable alternate takes. Among the most memorable selections are the spirited "I'm Checkin' Out Go'ombye," "Black Beauty," "The Sergeant Was Shy," two versions of "Grievin'," "Little Posey," and "Tootin' Through the Roof" (which has a brief trumpet battle by Cootie Williams and Rex Stewart). Scott Yanow    Tracklist :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1940 | The Classics Chronological Series – 805 (1995) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

While listeners really should just dive right in and get the three-disc Blanton-Webster Band package from Bluebird, this single disc does a fine job of chronicling Ellington's epochal 1940 sessions. One of a few Classics discs covering that year, the 22-track collection takes in such milestones as "Concerto for Cootie," "Cottontail," "Ko-Ko," and "Sepia Panorama," while spotlighting some absolutely classic solo work by Ben Webster, Johnny Hodges, Rex Stewart, and Barney Bigard, among many others. And even with such essential cuts as "In a Mellotone" and "Warm Valley" missing -- not to mention a handful of duets featuring Ellington and bassist Jimmy Blanton -- this roundup still has more than enough bedrock jazz to keep newcomers fully engrossed. Stephen Cook      Tracklist :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1940, Vol. 2 | The Classics Chronological Series – 820 (1995) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

The Duke Ellington Orchestra in 1940 may not have been as popular with the general public as that of Glenn Miller, but they were one of the great big bands of all time. The best way to acquire their music is to get all of the alternate takes, which are available through RCA/Bluebird, but the Classics series has done a fine job of reissuing all of the master takes. This particular disc has a small-group session apiece led by altoist Johnny Hodges and cornetist Rex Stewart along with nine songs from the big band. Among the gems are "In a Mellotone," "Five O'Clock Whistle," "Warm Valley" (heard twice), "Daydream," and "Linger Awhile." In addition, the four classic Jimmy Blanton-Duke Ellington bass-piano duets (which include "Pitter Panther Patter" and "Mr. J.B. Blues") are included and find Blanton sounding quite futuristic, almost like Charles Mingus 15 years later. Scott Yanow Tracklist :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1941 | The Classics Chronological Series – 851 (1995) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

Duke Ellington's last recordings before Pearl Harbor are on this CD. The band's personnel remained remarkably consistent, except that Jimmy Blanton was forced into retirement by tuberculosis before the final four selections on this disc, unfortunately passing away the following year. Included on this set are sessions led by cornetist Rex Stewart, altoist Johnny Hodges, and clarinetist Barney Bigard, which include the initial recordings of "Subtle Slough" (soon renamed "Just Squeeze Me"), "Passion Flower," "Things Ain't What They Used to Be," and "C Jam Blues" (initially called "'C' Blues"). The big band selections are highlighted by "Rocks in My Bed," Billy Strayhorn's "Chelsea Bridge," and "Raincheck." This is classic music, whether acquired in this series or with the alternate takes on its American counterpart through RCA/Bluebird. Scott Yanow  Tracklist :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1942-1944 | The Classics Chronological Series – 867 (1996) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

The first 13 selections on this CD complete the reissue of the studio recordings of the classic 1939-1942 Duke Ellington & His Orchestra. Among the more notable selections are "Perdido," "The 'C' Jam Blues," "What Am I Here For," "Main Stem," and "Johnny Come Lately." The other nine numbers are much rarer than those Victor records, for they are V-discs cut during the recording strike of 1942-1944, primarily remakes of earlier Ellington hits. Although not quite essential (the Victors are easily available domestically), this set nevertheless has plenty of memorable performances by Ellington's World War II band. Scott Yanow   Tracklist :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1945 | The Classics Chronological Series – 915 (1996) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

After starting off with a few valuable V-disc performances (including 13 minutes of the "Black, Brown and Beige" suite), this CD features some of Duke Ellington's studio recordings of April-May 1945. Although this particular band was not rated as high as their 1939-1942 counterpart, they still ranked near the top of their field. Among the gems are "The Kissing Bug," "Harlem Air Shaft," quite a few fine remakes (this version of "It Don't Mean a Thing" with singers Al Hibbler, Joya Sherrill, Kay Davis, and Marie Ellington is a classic), and a pair of unusual numbers. "Tonight I Shall Sleep" has trombonist Tommy Dorsey guesting with Duke Ellington's orchestra, while on "The Minor Goes Muggin'," Ellington sits in with Dorsey's band. Overall, there is a lot of rather interesting music to be heard on this CD from this underrated version of the Ellington big band. Scott Yanow   Tracklist :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1945, Vol. 2 | The Classics Chronological Series – 951 (1997) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

Duke Ellington's orchestra in 1945 was riding quite high, with annual Carnegie Hall concerts, constant performing and recording, and appearances on many radio broadcasts. This disc features both studio recordings and a few V-Discs taken from radio shows. The latter are most notable for including the extended two-part "Frankie and Johnny" and the 12-and-a-half-minute "New World A-Comin'," while the studio recordings are highlighted by "Jumpin' Room Only" and three of the four parts of "Perfume Suite." With such soloists as Tricky Sam Nanton, Lawrence Brown, Al Sears, Johnny Hodges, Harry Carney, and four trumpeters, Ellington's big band remained at the top of its field as World War II came to an end. Scott Yanow  Tracklist :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1945-1946 | The Classics Chronological Series – 985 (1998) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

There is a lot of intriguing music on this CD, which features Duke Ellington's postwar orchestra. "Dancers in Love" (from "Perfume Suite") and "Carnegie Blues" (from "Black, Brown and Beige") managed to catch on as individual pieces, "I'm Just a Lucky So and So" and "Just Squeeze Me" were hits, and both "Tonk" and "Drawing Room Blues" showcased the piano duo of Ellington and Billy Strayhorn. A few numbers are V-Discs, including a brief version of "C Jam Blues" that features the combined orchestras of Duke Ellington and Woody Herman (his First Herd). Among the changes in personnel were Russell Procope taking over for the retiring Otto Hardwick on alto and clarinet and Oscar Pettiford succeeding Junior Raglin on bass. This underrated music ranks with some of Duke's best work. Scott Yanow   Tracklist :

DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS ORCHESTRA – 1946 | The Classics Chronological Series – 1015 (1998) FLAC (tracks+.cue), lossless

For the casual listener, "best of" collections are a good way to explore Duke Ellington's legacy. But if you're a serious collector or a completist, it's important to be aware of Classics, a French label that put out more than 30 CDs of the Duke's work in the 1990s. Regrettably, Classics generally skipped alternate takes; but even so, it was nice to see a label reissuing Ellington's master takes chronologically. This rewarding CD focuses on Ellington's recordings of 1946, when his orchestra boasted such heavyweights as trumpeter Cat Anderson, alto saxophonist Johnny Hodges, tenor saxman Al Sears, baritone saxman Harry Carney, trombonist Lawrence Brown, and drummer Sonny Greer. It was in 1946 that the Duke recorded his last two sessions for RCA Victor, and this CD spotlights those two sessions before offering two pieces from an October 23 session for Musicraft ("Magenta Haze" and "Diminuendo in Blue") and several V-disc recordings from a November 23 concert at Carnegie Hall in New York, where Ellington's orchestra performed "The Golden Cress" and "Sultry Sunset" as well as the interesting, four-part "Deep South Suite." The suite's fourth part is the well-known "Happy Go Lucky Local," an infectious blues track that became the basis for Jimmy Forrest's 1951 smash "Night Train" (which was speeded up and covered by the Godfather of Soul James Brown in the early 1960s). Most of the material on 1946 is instrumental, although Ellington features singer Marion Cox on pleasing arrangements of "St. Louis Blues" and "Lover Man," and fares equally well with singer Kay Davis on "I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance With You." While 1946 falls short of essential, the selections are definitely rewarding and prove that the late 1940s was a creatively successful, if underrated, period for the Duke. Alex Henderson     Tracklist + Credits :